{"id":720,"date":"2010-02-17T20:44:29","date_gmt":"2010-02-18T01:44:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.chenyang.net\/?p=720"},"modified":"2010-02-17T20:44:29","modified_gmt":"2010-02-18T01:44:29","slug":"%e6%94%b9%e8%ae%8a%e7%8f%be%e5%af%a6-%e7%a4%be%e6%9c%83%e7%b4%80%e5%af%a6%e6%94%9d%e5%bd%b1-a-brief-introduction-to-social-documentary-photography","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.chenyang.net\/?p=720","title":{"rendered":"\u6539\u8b8a\u73fe\u5be6–\u793e\u6703\u7d00\u5be6\u651d\u5f71 A Brief Introduction to Social Documentary Photography"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5728\u4e2d\u6587\u7684\u8a9e\u5883\u88e1\u9762\uff0c\u201c\u7d00\u5be6\u651d\u5f71\u201d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u4e9b\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5c31\u6211\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4ee5\u793e\u6703\u73fe\u5be6\u70ba\u984c\u6750\uff0c\u7a81\u51fa\u651d\u5f71\u7684\u8a18\u9304\u6027\u548c\u793e\u6703\u6027\u529f\u7528\u7684\u651d\u5f71\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u793e\u6703\u7d00\u5be6\u651d\u5f71\uff08Social Documentary\uff09\u3001\u5831\u9053\u651d\u5f71\uff08Photoreportage\uff09\u3001\u65b0\u805e\u651d\u5f71\uff08Photojournalism\uff09\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u88ab\u7d0d\u5165\u4e2d\u6587\u201c\u7d00\u5be6\u651d\u5f71\u201d\u7684\u8303\u7587\u3002
\n\uff08\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u7368\u5275\u8a5e\u532f\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u201c\u4eba\u6587\u651d\u5f71\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u5c0d\u61c9\u65bc\u897f\u65b9\u5206\u985e\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u500b\u8a5e\uff0c\u5b57\u9762\u4e0a\u548c\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u4eba\u6587\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff08Humanism\uff09\u651d\u5f71\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u5f9e\u5ee3\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8a9e\u5883\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u5927\u81f4\u548c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5ee3\u7fa9\u7684\u201c\u7d00\u5be6\u651d\u5f71\u201d\u7684\u542b\u7fa9\u76f8\u8fd1\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u9084\u6709\u201c\u5c0f\u54c1\u651d\u5f71\u201d\uff0c\u6211\u4e00\u76f4\u6c92\u6709\u767c\u73fe\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u8868\u8ff0\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u548c\u975c\u7269\u651d\u5f71\uff08Still Life\uff09\u6240\u985e\u4f3c\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u548c\u6c99\u9f8d\u651d\u5f71\uff08Salon Photography\uff09\u4e5f\u6709\u806f\u7cfb\u3002\u7576\u7136\u4e2d\u6587\u6709\u7368\u7279\u7684\u651d\u5f71\u8853\u8a9e\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u58de\u4e8b\u3002\uff09
\n\u9019\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e3b\u8981\u8ac7\u4e00\u8ac7\u6309\u7167\u897f\u65b9\u651d\u5f71\u754c\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7684\u201c\u7d00\u5be6\u651d\u5f71\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u793e\u6703\u7d00\u5be6\uff08Social Documentary\uff09\u3002
\n\u4e4b\u524d\u6709\u5169\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u8ac7\u5230\u756b\u610f\u651d\u5f71\u548c\u76f4\u63a5\u651d\u5f71\uff1a\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u756b\u610f\u651d\u5f71\u904b\u52d5\u70ba\u651d\u5f71\u722d\u53d6\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u85dd\u8853\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u756b\u610f\u651d\u5f71\u9054\u5230\u9f0e\u76db\u4e4b\u6642\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u6279\u651d\u5f71\u5bb6\u89ba\u609f\u5230\u651d\u5f71\u5a92\u4ecb\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u9b45\u529b\u4f5c\u70ba\u85dd\u8853\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u70ba\u76f4\u63a5\u651d\u5f71\u632f\u81c2\u4e00\u547c\uff0c\u529b\u5716\u8b93\u651d\u5f71\u64fa\u812b\u5c0d\u7e6a\u756b\u7684\u6a21\u4eff\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u5a92\u9ad4\u3002
\n\u8207\u6b64\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u651d\u5f71\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u6240\u95dc\u5fc3\u7684\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u651d\u5f71\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u529f\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u793e\u6703\u529f\u7528\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u5011\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u7d00\u5be6\u651d\u5f71\uff0c\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u65bc\u7f8e\u8207\u4e0d\u7f8e\uff0c\u85dd\u8853\u8207\u4e0d\u85dd\u8853\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u5728\u65bc\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u6c11\u4e3b\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u901a\u904e\u651d\u5f71\u4f5c\u54c1\u53cd\u61c9\u793e\u6703\u73fe\u5be6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u8b8a\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u73fe\u8c61\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u7d00\u5be6\u651d\u5f71\u7684\u8981\u9ede\uff0c\u5728\u65bc\u85c9\u52a9\u651d\u5f71\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u4f86\u5be6\u73fe\u793e\u6703\u7684\u8b8a\u9769\u3002
\n\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u8aaa\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u6587\u4e2d\u6240\u7a31\u7684\u201c\u7d00\u5be6\u651d\u5f71\u5927\u5e2b\u201dHenri Cartier-Bresson\uff08\u4ea8\u5229\u00b7\u5361\u8fea\u57c3-\u5e03\u52d2\u677e\uff09\uff0cRobert Frank\uff08\u7f85\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u5f17\u862d\u514b\uff09\u7b49\u90fd\u4e0d\u7b97\u70ba\u9019\u88e1\u6240\u8b1b\u7684\u793e\u6703\u7d00\u5be6\u651d\u5f71\u5bb6\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u6240\u95dc\u5fc3\u7684\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u7528\u651d\u5f71\u53bb\u6539\u9020\u9019\u500b\u793e\u6703\u3002\uff08Cartier-Bresson\u7684\u651d\u5f71\uff0c\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u662f\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u756b\u9762\u6355\u6349\u548c\u5e7e\u4f55\u6392\u5e03\uff08\u9019\u5169\u8005\u69cb\u6210\u5176\u6240\u8b02\u201c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u77ac\u9593\u201d\uff09\uff0cFrank\u5728\u65bc\u8a18\u9304\u6230\u5f8c\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u6b78\u5165\u5831\u9053\u651d\u5f71\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u793e\u6703\u7d00\u5be6\u651d\u5f71\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n

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\nSabbath Eve in a Coal Cellar, Ludlow Street\uff08\u7164\u7aaf\u88e1\u7684\u5b89\u606f\u65e5\u524d\u591c\u665a\u9910\uff09
\n1890\u5e74\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u651d\u5f71\uff1aJacob Riis<\/em><\/p>\n

\u8ac7\u5230\u793e\u6703\u7d00\u5be6\u651d\u5f71\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u5169\u4f4d\u9f3b\u7956\uff0cJacob Riis\uff08\u96c5\u5404\u00b7\u91cc\u65af\uff09\u548cLewis Hine\uff08\u8def\u6613\u65af\u00b7\u6d77\u56e0\uff09\u3002Riis\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u4e39\u9ea5\u4f86\u5230\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u651d\u5f71\u8a18\u8005\uff0c\u57281880\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4ed6\u958b\u59cb\u62cd\u651d\u66fc\u54c8\u9813\u4e0b\u6771\u5340\uff08Lower East Side\uff09\u7684\u8ca7\u6c11\u7a9f\u3002\u5f9e1888\u5e74\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u4f5c\u54c1\u9678\u7e8c\u5728\u7d10\u7d04\u592a\u967d\u5831\uff08the New York Sun\uff0cRiis\u4efb\u8077\u7684\u5831\u7d19\uff09\u548c\u66f8\u7c4d\uff08\u300a\u770b\u4ed6\u5011\u600e\u6a23\u751f\u6d3b\u7684–\u7d10\u7d04\u5ec9\u50f9\u51fa\u79df\u623f\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0cHow the Other Half Lives: Studies Among the Tenements of New York (1890)\uff09\u4e2d\u520a\u767b\u30021894\u5e74\uff0c\u5373\u5c07\u64d4\u4efb\u7d10\u7d04\u8b66\u5bdf\u5c40\u9577\uff08NYC Police Commissioner\uff09\u7684Theodore Roosevelt\uff08\u897f\u5967\u7d0d\u591a\u00b7\u7f85\u65af\u798f\uff0c\u5f8c\u4efb\u7f8e\u570b\u7e3d\u7d71\uff0c\u5373\u8001\u7f85\u65af\u798f\u7e3d\u7d71\uff09\u627e\u5230Riis\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u8981\u6539\u5584\u8ca7\u6c11\u7a9f\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u72c0\u6cc1\u3002\u96a8\u5373\u90a3\u4e00\u7bc7\u5340\u57df\u88ab\u62c6\u9077\u91cd\u5efa\uff0c\u6210\u4e86\u73fe\u5728\u7684Mulberry St\uff0c\u5373\u5982\u4eca\u7684\u66fc\u54c8\u9813\u4e2d\u570b\u57ce\uff08Chinatown\uff09\u908a\u7de3\u7684\u4e00\u689d\u8857\u3002<\/p>\n

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\nGirl Worker in Carolina Cotton Mill\uff08\u5361\u7f85\u7433\u5a1c\u7d21\u7e54\u5ee0\u7684\u5973\u7ae5\u5de5\uff09, 1908
\n\u651d\u5f71\uff1aLewis Hine<\/em><\/p>\n

Lewis Hine\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u51fa\u751f\u65bc\u7f8e\u570b\u5a01\u65af\u5eb7\u8f9b\u5dde\u7684\u651d\u5f71\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ee5\u4ed6\u62cd\u651d\u7684\u7ae5\u5de5\u7167\u7247\u800c\u51fa\u540d\u30021904-1909\u5e74\u4ed6\u62cd\u651d\u4e86200\u5f35\u73bb\u7483\u5e72\u677f\uff08\u7576\u6642\u6240\u7528\u7684\u201c\u5e95\u7247\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u8a18\u9304\u7ae5\u5de5\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u72c0\u6cc1\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u7167\u7247\u4ee5\u53ca\u7576\u6642\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u7ae5\u5de5\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\uff08National Child Labor Committee\uff09\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u7576\u6642\u7ae5\u5de5\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u6975\u5927\u7684\u6539\u5584\u3002\u524d\u4e9b\u5e74\u5c71\u897f\u9ed1\u7164\u7aaf\u4e8b\u767c\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u60f3\u8d77\u4e86\u9019\u4e00\u4f4d\u651d\u5f71\u5bb6\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u5728\u4e00\u767e\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u66fe\u7d93\u767c\u63ee\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

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\n\u5efa\u9020\u5e1d\u570b\u5927\u5ec8\uff0c\u651d\u5f71\uff1aLewis Hine<\/em><\/p>\n

Hine\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u975e\u5e38\u5177\u6709\u4eba\u6587\u95dc\u61f7\u7684\u651d\u5f71\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e00\u751f\u7684\u651d\u5f71\u4f5c\u54c1\u5e7e\u4e4e\u90fd\u548c\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u72c0\u6cc1\u6709\u95dc\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u540d\u7684\u651d\u5f71\u9805\u76ee\u662f\u8a18\u9304\u4e86\u5e1d\u570b\u5927\u5ec8\u7684\u5efa\u9020\u3002\u5728\u9019\u500b\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u62cd\u651d\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u548c\u5de5\u4eba\u5011\u4e00\u8d77\u596e\u6597\u5728\u9ad8\u7a7a\u5371\u96aa\u7684\u4f5c\u696d\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u7372\u53d6\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u62cd\u651d\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ed6\u751a\u81f3\u7ad9\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u7279\u5225\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u7c43\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u61f8\u7a7a\u65bc\u7b2c\u4e94\u5927\u9053\u4e0a\u65b91000\u82f1\u5c3a\u7684\u9ad8\u7a7a\u3002\u4ee4\u4eba\u907a\u61be\u7684\u662f\uff0cHine\u665a\u5e74\u751f\u6d3b\u60b2\u6158\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u5c0d\u4ed6\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u6709\u8208\u8da3\uff0c1940\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e7e\u4e4e\u5728\u548c\u4ed6\u65e9\u5e74\u62cd\u651d\u5c0d\u8c61\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u8ca7\u56f0\u4e2d\u53bb\u4e16\u3002<\/p>\n

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\n\u6cb3\u5317\u7701\u6d89\u7e23\u5929\u6d25\u92fc\u9435\u5ee0\u662f\u91cd\u6c61\u67d3\u4f01\u696d\uff0c\u4f01\u696d\u898f\u6a21\u9084\u5728\u4e0d\u65b7\u64f4\u5927\uff0c\u56b4\u91cd\u5f71\u97ff\u7576\u5730\u5c45\u6c11\u7684\u751f\u6d3b
\n\u300a\u95dc\u6ce8\u4e2d\u570b\u6c61\u67d3\u300b\u7cfb\u5217\uff0c2008\uff0c\u651d\u5f71\uff1a\u76e7\u5ee3<\/em><\/p>\n

\u5982\u4eca\u7576\u6211\u5011\u8ac7\u5230\u793e\u6703\u7d00\u5be6\u651d\u5f71\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5ffd\u7565\u9019\u5169\u4f4d\u5927\u5e2b\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u66fe\u7d93\u771f\u5be6\u5730\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\u793e\u6703\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u3002\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u95dc\u5fc3\u793e\u6703\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u651d\u5f71\u5bb6\u4ecd\u7136\u5728\u9019\u4e00\u500b\u9818\u57df\u6597\u722d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8457\u540d\u7684Sebasti\u00e3o Salgado\uff08\u85a9\u723e\u52a0\u591a\uff09\u3002\u800c\u4e2d\u570b\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u76e7\u5ee3\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u6c61\u67d3\u300b2009\u5e74\u7372\u5f97\u4e86W. Eugene Smith\u734e\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u6642\u7684\u65b0\u805e\uff0c\u4e5f\u559a\u8d77\u4e86\u4eba\u5011\u5c0d\u9019\u4e00\u554f\u984c\u7684\u95dc\u6ce8\u3002\u6b64\u5916\u9084\u6709\u8d99\u9435\u6797\u5148\u751f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c0d\u8207\u4e2d\u570b\u5e95\u5c64\u793e\u6703\u7684\u8a18\u9304\u975e\u5e38\u6df1\u5165\u30022006\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u66fe\u7d93\u61c9\u6e05\u83ef\u5927\u5b78\u651d\u5f71\u5354\u6703\u9080\u8acb\u524d\u4f86\u505a\u201c\u93e1\u982d\u88e1\u7684\u5e95\u5c64\u793e\u6703\u201d\u8b1b\u5ea7\u3002\u8207Hine\u5f88\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4ed6\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u8ca7\u56f0\u4e2d\uff0c\u53bb\u5e74\u56e0\u80ba\u764c\u53bb\u4e16\uff0c\u4eab\u5e7461\u6b72\u3002
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Frank\uff08\u7f85\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u5f17\u862d\u514b\uff09\u7b49\u90fd\u4e0d\u7b97\u70ba\u9019\u88e1\u6240\u8b1b\u7684\u793e\u6703\u7d00\u5be6\u651d\u5f71\u5bb6\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u6240\u95dc\u5fc3\u7684\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u7528\u651d\u5f71\u53bb\u6539\u9020\u9019\u500b\u793e\u6703\u3002\uff08Cartier-Bresson\u7684\u651d\u5f71\uff0c\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u662f\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u756b\u9762\u6355\u6349\u548c\u5e7e\u4f55\u6392\u5e03\uff08\u9019\u5169\u8005\u69cb\u6210\u5176\u6240\u8b02\u201c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u77ac\u9593\u201d\uff09\uff0cFrank\u5728\u65bc\u8a18\u9304\u6230\u5f8c\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u6b78\u5165\u5831\u9053\u651d\u5f71\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u793e\u6703\u7d00\u5be6\u651d\u5f71\u3002\uff09 Sabbath Eve in a Coal Cellar, 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